Despite its impressive height of up to 1.8 meters (5.9 feet), the sarus crane (Grus antigone) can fly at a remarkable speed of 72 km/h (45 mph).
When it comes to large birds, many might think of ostriches or emperor penguins. However, these are flightless birds. So, what is the tallest flying bird in the world? This title belongs to the sarus crane, a species distinguished by its striking red head and resonant calls.
Characteristics of the Sarus Crane
The crane family (Gruidae) includes 15 species, known for their slender bodies. Among them, the sarus crane is the tallest flying bird, with a height of up to 1.8 meters and a wingspan of about 2.5 meters (8.2 feet). This non-migratory bird is found across the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It nests in low-lying wetlands and flooded rice fields.
Sarus cranes feed on a diet of insects, fish, plants, and seeds. Adult birds weigh between 5 to 12 kilograms (11 to 26 pounds), with males typically being larger than females. Despite their large size, they exhibit impressive aerial agility, flying at speeds of up to 72 km/h.
Courtship and Nesting Behavior
Like many crane species, the sarus crane engages in elaborate courtship rituals. These involve complex dances and loud calls, not only to attract mates but also to establish territories. Their powerful voice, made possible by a strong trachea, can carry over several kilometers.
In keeping with their grand stature, sarus cranes build large nests, often exceeding 1.8 meters (6 feet) in diameter. These nests are used to incubate one or two eggs annually. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks.
Conservation Status
Despite having few terrestrial predators, the sarus crane is currently listed as Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The species faces threats from habitat loss due to land development and agriculture, pesticide poisoning, hunting, and egg collection.
Another unique threat comes from their strong familial bonds. Sarus cranes are known to return frequently to check on the remains of deceased family members, putting them at risk of electrocution from power lines along their paths. However, they have demonstrated some adaptability, as noted by conservationist K. S. Gopi Sundar of the Nature Conservation Foundation.
“I’ve observed them teaching their chicks to avoid power lines,” Sundar explained. “They emit a distinctive call when approaching wires in flight, signaling their young to adjust their altitude to avoid the danger.”
Conservation Efforts
Several efforts are underway to protect the sarus crane, particularly in its breeding areas. Conservationists are focused on safeguarding wetlands and boosting population numbers through captive breeding programs.
Through these initiatives, there is hope to ensure that the majestic sarus crane continues to soar over its wetland habitats for generations to come.
